Consonant+Doubling

spell words with more advanced orthographic patterns and rules **i** consonant doubling when adding an ending ||
 * **3.24B**

**Adding suffixes to words ending with Y:**
 * When to double the final consonant: ** **When a one-syllable word has a single vowel followed by a single consonant at the end, the final consonant is doubled before a suffix beginning with a vowel. Confusing? Let's look at some examples.**
 *  **One-syllable words = run, hit, push, shoot, jump, fly, spin, eat **
 *  **One-syllable words with a single consonant at the end: run, hit, shoot, spin, **
 * ** One-syllable words ending with a single vowel followed by a single consonant: run, hit, spin **
 * Do you see why some of the words were eliminated? push and jump have 2 consonants at the end, not one; shoot and eat have two vowels in front of the final consonant. Those words do not follow this rule, so you will not double their final consonants when you add a suffix. **
 * ** Suffixes: Syllables added to the end of a word to change or modify the meaning of the original word. Examples: ed, er, ing, s, ly, est, ment, ness, ful, ance, or. For this rule, only the suffixes  ed, er, ing, ance, or fit the description by beginning with a vowel. Lets see how it works. **
 * ** WORD ** || ** + ER ** || ** +ING ** ||
 * **bat** || **batter** || **batting** ||
 * **fit** || **fitter** || **fitting** ||
 * **run** || **runner** || **running** ||
 * **trim** || **trimmer** || **trimming** ||
 * The same rule works with a large group of words having more than one syllable IF those words end in a single vowel followed by a single consonant AND if the final syllable is the accented, or stressed, syllable. Examples: com__mit__, e__quip__, con__fer__, ex__cel__. Words that do NOT fit this rule are: __hap__pen, __ben__efit, retr__ea__t - the first two do not fit because they are not stressed on the last syllable, and retreat does not because there are TWO vowels before the final consonant. **
 * WORD || + ER || + ING ||
 * **begin** || **beginner** || **beginning** ||
 * **control** || **controller** || **controlling** ||
 * Special Exceptions: picnic, panic, traffic all add K before the suffix to keep the Hard K sound in front of the vowel which begins the **
 *  **When there is a vowel before the Y, simply add the suffix.**
 *  **When there is a consonant before the Y, change the y to i and add the suffix.**
 *  **Exception #1: When you add __ing__ to a word ending with a consonant + y, keep the y and add __ing__.**
 *  **Exception #2: To form the Third Person Singular or the past tense of a verb ending with a consonant + y, change the y to i and add __es__ or __ed__.**
 * ** WORD ** || ** SUFFIX ** || ** RESULT ** ||
 * **donkey** || **s** || **donkeys** ||
 * **annoy** || **ance** || **annoyance** ||
 * **angry** || **ly** || **angrily** ||
 * **carry** || **ing** || **carrying** ||
 * **bury** || **es, ed** || **buries. buried** ||
 * Forming plurals of Nouns: There are several different rules, each with its list of words that follow the rules and another list of words that do not. We will just give a brief summary and a few examples of the major rules. **